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value-based accounting

Толкование Перевод

1 value-based accounting

ЕБРР: учёт на основе текущей стоимости, учёт по текущей стоимости

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > value-based accounting
2 value-based accounting

облік на основі поточної вартості; облік за поточною вартістю

The English-Ukrainian Dictionary > value-based accounting
3 value-based accounting

учет по текущей стоимости; учет на основе текущей стоимости
. . Словарь экономических терминов .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > value-based accounting
4 accounting

n бухг., рах. бухгалтерський облік; облік; рахівництво; методика обліку; запис; a бухгалтерський; балансовий; розрахунковий; обліковий; звітний

1. система суцільного збору, запису, класифікації та обробки фінансових операцій (transaction¹) окремої особи або одиниці (entity); ♦ за бухгалтерським обліком підсумовуються, аналізуються, тлумачаться результати тих операцій, на основі яких здійснюються планування (planning) і контроль господарської діяльності організації; до найбільш відомих бухгалтерських/аудиторських (audit¹) фірм під назвою «Велика Шістка» (Big Six) входять: Артур Андерсен (Arthur Andersen); Куперс енд Лайбранд (Coopers & Lybrand); Делойт Туш Томатсу Інтернаціонал (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu International); Ернст енд Янг (Ernst & Young); КПМГ Піт Марвик (KPMG Peat Marwick); Прайс Вотер-хаус (Price Waterhouse); 2. поняття, що об'єднує споріднені галузі, напр., оподаткування (taxation), ревізування (auditing), обліку за сферами відповідальності (responsibility accounting), управлінського обліку (management accounting)

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accrual accounting облік методикою нарахування; acquisition accounting облік за придбанням; activity accounting функціональний бухгалтерський облік; activity-based accounting (ABA) функціональний бухгалтерський облік • облік за сферами відповідальності; actuarial accounting страховий облік; administrative accounting адміністративний облік • оперативний облік; allocation accounting облік за розміщенням; backflush accounting облік зі зворотним віднесенням витрат; bank accounting бухгалтерський облік в банку; bank cost accounting аналіз операційної діяльності банку; branch accounting філіальний облік; business accounting бухгалтерський облік комерційних операцій; cash accounting касова методика обліку; cash basis accounting касова методика обліку; cash flow accounting облік за грошовими потоками; composite property accounting змішана методика обліку основного капіталу; consolidation accounting облік за об'єднанням компаній; continuously contemporary accounting облік за поточною грошовою вартістю; cost accounting виробничий облік • облік виробничих витрат • калькулювання; creative accounting творчий облік; critical path accounting облік за методикою критичного шляху; current cost accounting (CCA) методика обліку за поточною вартістю; current purchasing power accounting (CPP) облік за поточною купівельною спроможністю; current value accounting облік за поточною вартістю; depreciation accounting облік амортизації • амортизаційна методика бухгалтерського обліку; discovery value accounting облік розвідуваних ресурсів; distribution cost accounting облік витрат у торгівлі; double-entry accounting облік за методикою подвійного запису; enterprise accounting бухгалтерський облік підприємства; entity accounting облік на основі самостійного балансу • бухгалтерський облік самостійного підрозділу; equity accounting облік за інвестиціями в дочірніх компаніях; financial accounting фінансовий облік; fiscal accounting податковий облік; forward accounting перспективний облік; full-cost accounting фінансовий облік за повною вартістю; functions accounting облік за видом діяльності; fund accounting система обліку за фондами; general price index accounting облік на основі загального рівня цін; government accounting державний облік; group depreciation accounting методика єдиної норми амортизації; group property accounting групова методика обліку основного капіталу; historical cost accounting (HCA) облік за первісною вартістю; human resources accounting облік людських ресурсів; industrial accounting бухгалтерський облік на промисловому підприємстві; inflation accounting інфляційний облік • облік в умовах інфляції • облік впливу інфляції; international accounting облік за міжнародними операціями і звітністю; inventory accounting облік запасів товарно-матеріальних цінностей; item property accounting попредметна методика обліку основного капіталу; macro-accounting облік на макрорівні; management accounting управлінський облік; micro-accounting облік на мікро-рівні; managerial accounting управлінський облік; national economic accounting система національних рахунків; national income accounting облік національного доходу; net realizable value accounting (NRVA) методика обліку за вихідною вартістю активів; oil and gas accounting облік за родовищами й запасами нафти і газу; price level accounting облік з поправкою на індекс цін споживчих товарів; profitability accounting облік за прибутковістю • облік за рентабельністю; public accounting громадський бухгалтерський облік і ревізія; replacement cost accounting облік за відновленою вартістю; reserve accounting облік резервів; responsibility accounting облік за сферами відповідальності; retirement reserve accounting облік зношення за методикою разового нарахування; routine accounting оперативний облік; social responsibility accounting облік за діяльністю громадської відповідальності; stock accounting облік запасів; store accounting облік запасів; tax-effect accounting облік за податковим ефектом

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accounting assumptions бухгалтерські припущення; accounting basis основа бухгалтерського обліку; accounting concepts бухгалтерські концепції; accounting consultant консультант з бухгалтерського обліку • дорадник з бухгалтерського обліку; accounting cost бухгалтерські витрати • балансові витрати • облікові витрати; accounting cycle кругообіг процедури бухгалтерського обліку • обліковий цикл; accounting data of costs бухгалтерські дані про витрати; accounting day обліковий день; accounting department відділ бухгалтерського обліку • бухгалтерія • головна бухгалтерія компанії; accounting economy розрахункова економіка; accounting education бухгалтерська освіта; accounting entry запис на рахунку; accounting; accounting error помилка бухгалтерського обліку; accounting estimate попередній облік; accounting figures дані бухгалтерського обліку; accounting firms бухгалтерські фірми • аудиторські фірми; accounting identity; accounting income дохід за звітний період; accounting information system (AIS) система опрацювання облікових даних; Accounting Institute орган бухгалтерського обліку • Інститут бухгалтерського обліку; accounting loss розрахункові збитки; accounting machine бухгалтерська машина; accounting measurement облікові виміри • облікові вимірювання; accounting method методика бухгалтерської звітності • методика бухгалтерського обліку; accounting par value облік за номінальною вартістю; accounting period (A/P) звітний період • розрахунковий період • період бухгалтерської звітності; accounting policy загальні принципи бухгалтерського обліку; accounting practice практика звітності; accounting principles принципи бухгалтерського обліку; Accounting Principles Board (APB) Бюро з розробки принципів бухгалтерського обліку; accounting procedures форми ведення обліку; accounting profit бухгалтерський прибуток • розрахунковий прибуток; accounting profit and loss облік прибутків і збитків; accounting profit or loss облік прибутків або збитків; accounting rate of return (ARR) обліковий коефіцієнт окупності; accounting ratio обліковий показник; accounting record бухгалтерська книга; accounting records; accounting report бухгалтерський звіт; accounting staff персонал служби бухгалтерського обліку; accounting standard; Accounting Standards Board (ASB) (англ.) Бюро бухгалтерських стандартів; accounting statement бухгалтерський звіт; accounting system система бухгалтерського обліку; accounting treatment опрацювання бухгалтерських рахунків; accounting unit одиниця обліку реального основного капіталу • рахунок, який відтворює собівартість об'єкта; accounting year звітний рік • фінансовий рік; American Accounting Association (AAA) Американська бухгалтерська асоціація; Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (амер.) Бюро стандартів фінансового обліку; International Accounting Standards (IAS) Міжнародні стандарти бухгалтерського обліку; International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) Комітет міжнародних бухгалтерських стандартів

accounting¹:: accountancy²; accounting² ‡ accounting (382)

▹▹ accountancy

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бухгалтерський облік; звітність; фінансова звітність

The English-Ukrainian Dictionary > accounting
5 activity-based costing

тж. activity based costing сокр. ABC

упр., учет дифференцированная система калькулирования, учет затрат по видам деятельности (метод отнесения затрат на себестоимость, подразумевающий учет затрат по отдельным видам деятельности (производственным функциям), и отнесение этих затрат на определенный продукт или на счет конкретного клиента в зависимости от того, с какими видами деятельности связано производство данного товара или выполнение данного заказа)

Syn:

ABC method, activity costing, activity-based cost accounting

See:

activity-based budgeting, activity cost assignment, activity-based system, activity cost driver, activity driver analysis, activity dictionary, activity level, responsibility accounting, value chain costing, cost driver, Kaplan, Robert

* * *

производственная интенсификационная калькуляция издержек
. . Словарь экономических терминов .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > activity-based costing
6 облік на основі поточної вартості

value-based accounting

Українсько-англійський словник > облік на основі поточної вартості
7 облік з поточної вартості

value-based accounting; value accounting

Українсько-англійський словник > облік з поточної вартості
8 учёт по текущей стоимости

1) Accounting: current value accounting

2) EBRD: value accounting, value-based accounting

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > учёт по текущей стоимости
9 учёт на основе текущей стоимости

EBRD: value accounting, value-based accounting

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > учёт на основе текущей стоимости
10 main account

A classifier of economic resource value based on the claims parties make on the economic resources owned by a legal entity and that is used to classify debit and credit entries in an accounting system.

حساب رئيسي

English-Arabic terms dictionary > main account
11 ориентировочная стоимость строительства по укрупнённым показателям

Accounting: aggregateы-based estimated/indicative value of construction (Irisha)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ориентировочная стоимость строительства по укрупнённым показателям
12 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
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consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
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the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
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the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
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the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
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the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
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Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
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Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
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Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
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Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
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Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
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Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
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provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
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not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
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an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
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further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
13 method

метод

•

- abbreviated method

- accelerated method

- accounting method

- accretion method

- accrual method

- accrued benefit valuation method

- actual cost method

- additional method

- ad hoc method

- adjusted selling price method

- advanced method

- age-life method of depreciation

- amortization method

- analog method

- approximate method

- assessment method

- average cost method

- average rate of return method

- averaging method

- balance method

- balancing method

- base stock method

- batch method

- benchmark method

- bookkeeping method

- branch method

- branch-and-bound method

- byproduct method of cost accounting

- calculation method

- case study method

- cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting

- closing rate method

- common methods of fraud

- completed contract method

- "consumer goods basket" method

- control method

- conventional method

- cost method

- cost accounting method

- costing method

- cost-based methods

- cost depletion method

- cost-plus method

- cost-recovery method

- cost-saving method

- credit-scoring method

- current cost accounting method

- current rate method

- declining balance method

- declining-balance depreciation method

- depreciation method

- direct method of depreciation

- direct write-off method

- discount method

- discounted cash flow method

- distribution methods

- double-declining-balance depreciation method

- double description method

- double entry method

- economic method

- effective method

- efficient method

- enterprise method

- equity method

- estimating method

- evaluation method

- fifo costing method

- first in, first out method

- forecast method

- free indexing method

- graduation method

- gross profit method

- indexing method

- infallible method

- installment sale method

- inventory control method

- inventory valuation method

- investment valuation method

- irregular method of write-off

- item-by-item method

- "lean" production method

- lifo costing method

- lower value method

- management methods

- matching transactions method

- net method

- network method

- normative method

- norm-based method

- numerical method

- output method of depreciation

- patentable method

- payback method

- payback method of analysis

- percentage-of-completion method

- periodic inventory method

- perpetual inventory method

- playback method

- prediction method

- present value method

- pricing method

- prime cost method

- profit split method

- progressive method

- ranking method

- reducing balance method of depreciation

- replacement method of depreciation

- resale price method

- retirement method of depreciation

- safe method

- scheduling method

- searching method

- service-output method of depreciation

- service-yield method of depreciation

- short method

- simplified method

- sinking fund method of depreciation

- standard method

- straight line method

- straight-line method of depreciation

- straight-line method of depreciation adjusted for usage

- sum-of-the-digits method

- sum-of-the-digits method of depreciation

- sum-of-the-years'-digits method

- sum-of-the-years'-digits method of depreciation

- supplementary method

- taxation method

- tested method

- trial and error method

- turnover method

- two-bin method

- unit of production method of depreciation

- unit of production depreciation method

- unsound method

- valuation method

- written-down-value method

- method of accounting

- method of amortization

- method of analysis

- method of assessment

- methods of bank lending

- method of calculation

- method of calculation of profits

- method of comparison

- method of compensation

- method of cost accounting

- method of depreciation

- methods of dodging taxes

- method of estimation

- method of evaluation

- method of finance

- method of financing

- method of grouping

- method of increasing profitableness

- method of identification

- method of interest calculation

- method of inventory costing

- method of leading averages

- method of leading variables

- method of levying duties

- methods of management

- method of operation

- method of payment

- method of planning

- methods of price formation

- method of recalculating pensions

- method of reimbursement

- method of retrieval

- method of settlement

- method of smoothing

- method of supplementary entry

- method of valuation

- adopt a method

- apply a method

- develop a method

- employ a method

- introduce a method

- practise a method

- propose a method

- repeal a method

- revise a method

- work out a method

- cost or market whichever is lower method of inventory valuation

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > method
14 rate

1.

1) оценивать, определять стоимость, устанавливать цену

2) присваивать рейтинг

•

- rate local and offshore funds

- rate securities

2.

1) норма; размер

2) ставка, тариф; такса; расценка

3) курс (валюты, ценных бумаг); цена

4) процент, доля; коэффициент

5) местный налог

•

- accounting rate

- accounting rate of interest

- accounting rate of return

- accumulated earnings rate

- accumulated profits rate

- actuarial rate

- administered rate

- ad valorem rate

- agreed rate

- administered rate

- amortization rate

- annual rate

- annual interest rate

- annual percentage rate

- anticipated rate of expenditures

- applicable rate

- area rate

- assets profit rate

- average rate

- average rate of return

- average interest rate

- average tax rate

- average weighted rate

- backwardation rate

- bank rate

- bank deposit rate

- bank discount rate

- bank interest rate

- bank's repurchase rate

- base rate

- base lending rate

- basic rate

- basic rate of charge

- basing rate

- basis rate

- benchmark rate

- benchmark interest rate

- benchmark overnight bank lending rate

- best rate

- bill rate

- blanket rate

- blended rate

- bond rate

- bonus rates

- book value rate of return

- borrowing rate

- bridge rate

- broken cross rates

- broker loan rate

- burden rate

- buyer's rate

- buying rate

- call rate

- call loan rate

- call money rate

- cap rate

- capital gain tax rate

- capitalization rate

- carry-over rate

- cash rate

- cash business rate

- ceiling rate

- central rate

- check rate

- cheque rate

- clearing rate

- collection rate

- closing rate

- column rate

- combination rate

- combined market interest rate

- commercial bank lending rate

- commission rate

- commitment rate

- compensation rate

- compound growth rate

- composite rate

- concessionary interest rate

- consumption rate

- contango rate

- contractual rate

- conventional rate

- conventional rate of interest

- conversion rate

- corporate tax rate

- cost rate

- coupon rate

- credit rates

- cross rate

- cross-over discount rate

- crude rate

- curb rate

- currency rate

- current rate

- current rate of exchange

- current coupon rate

- current market rate

- customs rate

- daily rate

- day rate

- default interest rate

- demand rate

- deposit rate

- deposit interest rate

- deposit interest rates for individuals

- depreciation rate

- differential rates

- discount rate

- dividend rate

- domestic rates

- double exchange rate

- drawdown rate

- drawing rate

- dual rate

- dual rate of return

- duty rate

- earning rate

- effective rate

- effective rate of return

- effective annual rate

- effective exchange rate

- effective interest rate

- effective tax rate

- equalizing discount rate

- equilibrium exchange rate

- equilibrium interest rate

- estimated rate

- euro-dollar exchange rate

- exchange rate

- exchange rate to the dollar

- excise rate

- existing rates

- exorbitant interest rate

- face interest rate

- fair rate of exchange

- falling rate

- favourable rate

- fine rate

- firm rate

- fixed rate

- fixed rate of exchange

- fixed rate of interest

- fixed rate of royalty

- fixed conversion rate

- fixed interest rate

- flat rate

- flexible exchange rate

- floating rate

- floating exchange rate

- floating interest rate

- floating prime rate

- floor rate of exchange

- fluctuant rate

- fluctuating rate

- forced rate of exchange

- foreign exchange rate

- forward rate

- forward exchange rate

- forward fixed interest rate

- free rate

- free exchange rate

- funding interest rate

- future rate

- gains tax rates

- general rate of profit

- going rate

- going market rate

- graduated rate

- hedging rates

- high rate

- high rate of exchange

- higher rate

- hourly rate

- hurdle rate

- income tariff rates

- increment rate

- index-linked coupon rate

- inflation rate

- info rate

- insurance rate

- interbank rate

- interbank exchange rate

- interbank offered rate

- interbank overnight rate

- interbank short-term rate

- interest rate

- interest rate for overdraft facilities

- interest rate on loan capital

- intervention rate

- internal rate of return

- internal funding rate

- investment rate

- investment profit rate

- issue rate

- key rates

- key interest rate

- key money rate

- late payment interest rate

- leading rate

- legal rate of interest

- lending rate

- liquidation rate

- loan rate

- loan market rates

- loan-recovery rate

- Lombard rate

- London Interbank Offered Rate

- London money rate

- long rate

- long-term blended cost rate

- low rate

- margin rate

- marginal rate

- marginal tax rate

- margin of safety rate

- market rate

- market rate of interest

- market-clearing interest rate

- market exchange rate

- market lending rate

- maximum rate

- mean rate of exchange

- members rate

- merchant discount rate

- minimum rate

- minimum lending rate

- mobilization rate

- monetary exchange rate

- money rate of interest

- money market rate

- mortgage rate

- mortgage interest rate

- multiple rate

- multiple exchange rate

- municipal rates

- national rate of interest

- national currency rate

- natural rate of interest

- negative interest rate

- net rate

- net nonaccrual rate

- New York interbank offered rate

- nominal interest rate

- offered rate

- official rate

- official rate of discount

- official exchange rate

- one-time rate

- opening rate

- open-market rates

- option rate

- overdraft rate

- overhead rate

- overhead absorption rate

- overnight rate

- overnight bank lending rate

- overnight loan rate

- overtime rate

- parallel rate

- par exchange rate

- parity rate

- par price rate

- pay rate

- pegged rate

- pegged exchange rate

- penalty rate

- penalty interest rate

- personal tax rate

- piece rate

- pool-based variable lending rate

- postal rate

- posted rate

- power rate

- predetermined overhead rate

- preferential rate

- present rate

- prevailing rate

- prime rate

- prime lending rate

- private rate of discount

- private market rates

- profit rate

- profitability rate

- profitable exchange rate

- progressive rate

- proportional rate

- purchasing rate of exchange

- quasi-market rate

- real exchange rate

- real interest rate

- reciprocal rate

- redemption rate

- rediscount rate

- reduced rate

- reduced withholding rate

- reference rate

- refinancing rate

- remuneration rate

- renewal rate

- rent rate

- rental rate

- reserve rate

- retention rate

- retirement rate of discount

- royalty rate

- ruling rate

- savings rate

- seasonal rates

- sellers' rate

- selling rate

- service rate

- settlement rate

- short rate

- short-term interest rates

- sight rate

- single exchange rate

- sliding rate

- soft lending rate

- special rate

- spot rate

- stable exchange rate

- standard rate

- standard fixed overhead rates

- standard labour rate

- standard variable overhead rates

- steady exchange rate

- step-down interest rate

- stock market rate

- straight-line rate

- subsidized rate

- swap rate

- tariff rate

- tax rate

- taxation rate

- temporary rate

- tender rate

- through rate

- time wage rate

- today's rate

- top rate

- total rate

- trading rate

- treasury bill rate

- two-tier rate of exchange

- uniform rates

- uniform tariff rate

- unofficial rate

- unprecedented rate

- unstable rate of exchange

- value-added tax rate

- variable rate

- variable interest rate

- variable repo rate

- wage rate

- wage rate per hour

- wholesale rate

- world market rates

- year-end exchange rate

- zero interest rate

- rate for advances against collateral

- rate for advances on securities

- rate for a cheque

- rates for credits

- rates for currency allocations

- rates for foreign currency deposits

- rate for loans

- rate for loans on collateral

- rate for local companies

- rate for mail transfers

- rate for short-term open market operations

- rate in the outside market

- rate of accumulation

- rates of allocation into the fund

- rate of auction fee

- rate of charge

- rate of commission

- rate of compensation

- rate of conversion

- rate of cover

- rate of currency

- rates of currency allocation

- rate of the day

- rate of deposit turnover

- rate of depreciation

- rate of discount

- rate of dividend on shares

- rate of duty

- rate of exchange

- rate of expenditures

- rate of expenses

- rate of foreign exchange

- rate of full value

- rate of increment

- rate of inflation

- rate of input

- rate of insurance

- rate of interest

- rate of interest on advances

- rate of interest on deferred payments

- rate of interest on deposits

- rate of interest on time deposits

- rate of investment

- rate of issue

- rate of mandatory reserves

- rate of option

- rate of pay

- rate of payment

- rate of premium

- rate of price inflation

- rates of a price-list

- rate of production

- rate of profit

- rate of profitability

- rate of refinancing

- rate of reimbursement

- rate of remuneration

- rate of replacement

- rate of return

- rate of return on capital

- rate of return on the capital employed

- rate of return on investment

- rate of return on net worth

- rate of royalty

- rate of securities

- rate of subscription

- rate of taxation

- rate of turnover

- rate of wages

- rates on credit

- rate on the day of payment

- rate on the exchange

- rates on short loans

- advance the rate of discount

- apply tariff rates

- boost interest rates

- boost long-term interest rates

- boost short-term interest rates

- calculate the rate

- calculate at the rate of

- charge an interest rate

- convert at the rate of

- cut rates

- cut interest rates by a quarter point

- determine a rate

- effect a floating exchange rate

- enjoy preferential rates

- establish a rate

- fix a rate

- grant special rates

- increase rates

- liberalize interest rates

- liberalize lending rates

- lower the rate of return

- lift key rates

- maintain high interest rates

- mark down the rate of discount

- mark up the rate of discount

- pay according to the rates

- quote a rate

- raise a rate

- raise the rate of discount

- reduce a rate

- set rates

- slash interest rates

- suspend a currency's fixed rate

- tout rates

- upvalue the current rate of banknotes

- at the rate of

- at the exchange rate ruling at the transaction date

- below the rate

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > rate
15 valor

intj.

cheer up.

m.

1 value.

de valor valuable

joyas por valor de… jewels worth…

sin valor worthless

tener valor to be valuable; (ser valioso) to be valid (ser válido)

tiene valor sentimental it is of sentimental value

sin el sello oficial carece de o no tiene valor it is not valid without the official seal

valor adquisitivo purchasing power

valor añadido added value (Am)

valor agregado added value (Am)

valor comercial commercial value

valor nominal face o nominal value

valor nutritivo nutritional value

2 value (math & music).

3 importance (importancia).

su opinión es de enorme valor para nosotros her opinion is of great value o importance to us

dar valor a to give o attach importance to

quitar valor a algo to take away from something, to diminish the importance of something

4 bravery, courage.

armarse de valor to pluck up one's courage

5 cheek, nerve (desvergüenza).

tener el valor de hacer algo to have the cheek o nerve to do something

6 asset, security.

* * *

valor

► nombre masculino

1 (valía) value, worth, merit

■ una persona de gran valor a person of great merit

2 (precio) price

3 (validez) value

■ estas monedas dejarán de tener valor muy pronto these coins will soon be of no value

4 (importancia) importance

5 (coraje) courage, valour (US valor)

6 (desvergüenza) cheek, nerve

■ tuvo valor para pedirle más she had the nerve to ask him for more

7 (talento) talent

■ es un actor de gran valor he's a very talented actor

8 MATEMÁTICAS value

► nombre masculino plural valores

1 FINANZAS securities, bonds

2 (principios) values

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

armarse de valor to pluck up courage

dar valor a algo to attach importance to something

de valor valuable

por el valor de to the value of

■ artículos por el valor de mil libras goods to the value of a thousand pounds

¡qué valor! what a nerve!

quitar valor a algo to reduce the value of something

sin valor / sin ningún valor worthless

valor adquisitivo purchasing power

valor alimenticio food value, nutritional value

valor de mercado market value

valor nominal (de cheque) face value

valores en cartera investments

valores inmuebles real estate sing

* * *

noun m.

1) value, worth

2) courage, heart, nerve

•

- valores

* * *

SM

1) (Com, Econ) value

¿cuál es el valor real de ese cuadro? — what's this painting worth in real terms?, what's the real value of this painting?

un documento de gran valor — a very valuable document, a document of great value

objetos de incalculable valor — priceless objects

billetes de pequeño valor — small-denomination notes

el contrato fue declarado nulo y sin valor — the contract was declared null and void

el valor del cheque no es correcto — the amount on the cheque is not correct

•de valor — [joya, obra] valuable

• objetos de valor — valuables

• por valor de — to the value of

importaciones por valor de un millón de dólares — imports to the value of one million dollars

un cheque por valor de 500 euros — a cheque for the sum of o to the value of 500 euros

ha habido pérdidas por valor de diez millones de euros — there have been losses of ten million euros

valor adquisitivo — purchasing power

valor a la par — par value

valor añadido — added value

valor catastral — rateable value

valor comercial — commercial value

valor contable — asset value

valor de cambio — exchange value

valor de compra — purchasing power

valor de desecho — salvage value

valor de escasez — scarcity value

valor de mercado — market value

valor de rescate — surrender value

valor desglosado — break-up value

valor de sustitución — replacement value

valor de uso — use value

valor en bolsa — stock market value

valor en libros — book value

valor estrella — blue-chip stock, blue-chip share

valor facial — face value, denomination

valor nominal — nominal value

valor por defecto — default value

valor según balance — book value

2) (=importancia) value

una composición de indudable valor musical — a composition of undoubted musical value

una pintura de gran valor artístico — a painting of great artistic merit o value

este anillo tiene un gran valor para mí — this ring means a great deal to me, this ring is very valuable to me

• dar valor a algo, lo que le da valor musical a este trabajo es su originalidad — it is the originality of this work that gives it its musical worth o value

no dábamos valor a nuestro patrimonio — we didn't value our heritage highly enough

no le di valor a sus palabras — I didn't attach any importance to what he said

• quitar valor a algo — to minimize the importance of sth

valor alimenticio — nutritional value, food value

valor calorífico — calorific value

valor nutritivo — nutritional value

valor sentimental — sentimental value

3) pl valores

a) (=principios) values

los valores morales de la sociedad occidental — the moral values of Western society
escala 1), juicio 3)
b) (Econ) (=títulos) securities, stocks, bonds

valores de renta fija — fixed-interest securities

valores de renta variable — variable-yield securities

valores en cartera — holdings

valores fiduciarios — fiduciary issue [sing], banknotes

valores habidos — investments

valores inmuebles — real estate [sing]

4) (=persona famosa) star

uno de los nuevos valores del cine español — one of the rising stars of Spanish cinema

5) (=validez) validity

• tener valor — to be valid

este documento ya no tiene valor — this document is no longer valid

6) (en una escala) level

las temperaturas han alcanzado valores superiores a los normales — temperatures have reached higher than normal levels

se han medido valores de 80 litros por metro cúbico — levels of 80 litres per cubic metre have been recorded

7) (Mat) value

valor absoluto — absolute value

8) (Mús) value

el valor de una blanca es de dos negras — a minim is worth two crotchets

9) (=coraje) bravery, courage

el valor de los soldados — the bravery o courage of the soldiers

le dieron una medalla al valor — he was awarded a medal for bravery

no tuve valor para decírselo — I didn't have the courage to tell her

• armarse de valor — to pluck up (the) courage

valor cívico — (sense of) civic duty

10) * (=descaro) nerve *

¿cómo puedes tener el valor de negarlo? — how do you have the nerve to deny it? *

* * *

masculino

Sentido I

1)

a) (Com, Fin) value

libros por valor de $150 — books to the value of $150

droga por (un) valor de... — drugs worth o with a value of...

objetos de valor — valuables

b) (importancia, mérito) value

valor artístico — artistic merit

valor sentimental — sentimental value

su palabra tiene un gran valor para mí — I set great store by what he says

¿qué valor tiene si lo copió? — what merit is there in it if he copied it?

c) ( validez) validity

sin la firma no tiene ningún valor — it's not valid without the signature

- valor adquisitivo

- valor alimenticio or nutritivo

- valor añadido

- valor nominal

2) valores masculino plural (Econ, Fin) securities (pl), stocks (pl), shares (pl)

3) ( persona)

los valores del tenis — the tennis stars

los nuevos valores de nuestra música — our up-and-coming musicians

4) valores masculino plural ( principios morales) values (pl)

Sentido II

5) (coraje, valentía) courage

me faltó valor — I didn't have the courage

hay que tener valor para hacer algo así — it takes courage to do a thing like that

armarse de valor — to pluck up courage

6) (fam) (descaro, desvergüenza) nerve (colloq)

* * *

masculino

Sentido I

1)

a) (Com, Fin) value

libros por valor de $150 — books to the value of $150

droga por (un) valor de... — drugs worth o with a value of...

objetos de valor — valuables

b) (importancia, mérito) value

valor artístico — artistic merit

valor sentimental — sentimental value

su palabra tiene un gran valor para mí — I set great store by what he says

¿qué valor tiene si lo copió? — what merit is there in it if he copied it?

c) ( validez) validity

sin la firma no tiene ningún valor — it's not valid without the signature

- valor adquisitivo

- valor alimenticio or nutritivo

- valor añadido

- valor nominal

2) valores masculino plural (Econ, Fin) securities (pl), stocks (pl), shares (pl)

3) ( persona)

los valores del tenis — the tennis stars

los nuevos valores de nuestra música — our up-and-coming musicians

4) valores masculino plural ( principios morales) values (pl)

Sentido II

5) (coraje, valentía) courage

me faltó valor — I didn't have the courage

hay que tener valor para hacer algo así — it takes courage to do a thing like that

armarse de valor — to pluck up courage

6) (fam) (descaro, desvergüenza) nerve (colloq)

* * *

valor¹

¹ = courage, guts, spunk, bravery.

Ex: In this novel the central themes are courage and cowardice and what these are.

Ex: Well, I happened to inherit a full set of Trollope, and I had the guts to throw it out.

Ex: In her youth, as in her adult years, she was a person with spunk.

Ex: Contributing to the problem are the harsh desert environment, & a society based on patriarchy, in which a code of honor, esprit de corps, & bravery takes precedence over intelligence & culture.

* armarse de valor = muster (up) + (the) courage, pluck up + courage, nerve + Reflexivo, gather up + courage.

* con valor = valiantly.

* demostrar + Posesivo + valor = prove + Posesivo + value, prove + Posesivo + worth, prove + Reflexivo, show + Posesivo + worth, prove + Posesivo + courage.

* echar valor = pluck up + courage, muster (up) + (the) courage, gather up + courage.

* falta de valor = act of cowardice, lack of courage, lack of backbone.

* hacerse de valor = muster (up) + (the) courage.

* perder el valor = lose + Posesivo + nerve.

* tener el valor = have + the courage.

* tener el valor de = have + the guts to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.

* tener valor = pluck up + courage, gather up + courage.

valor²

² = attribute value, esteem, value, value, worth, worthiness, goodness.

Ex: Others have used possibility distributions for representing fuzzily known or incompletely known attribute values.

Ex: The two cases perhaps indicate the beginning of attitudinal changes in awards administrators which will give parity of esteem to information-driven programmes.

Ex: A good initial value for this field will start the system off with a good guess so that claims for missing issues are not unreasonable at the beginning.

Ex: This stop list is input to the computer before indexing can commence, and is a list of the words which appear in text which have no value as access words in an index.

Ex: The circulation of large numbers of books regardless of their worth to multitudes of people is no better criterion of mental health than is the profitable sale of quack medicines evidence of bodily health.

Ex: Another goal of terrorism is to demonstrate to terrorists their own worthiness and thus to claim a sort of moral victory over their enemies.

Ex: Measurement in and of itself is neutral and cannot indicate ' goodness' or 'badness' = La medición en sí misma es neutral y no puede indicar lo bueno o malo que algo es.

* adición de valor = value adding.

* adquirir un valor añadido = take on + added weight.

* asignar valor a = attach + value to.

* aumentar de valor = increase in + value.

* bolsa de valores = stock exchange, stock market, share market.

* Bolsa de Valores de Nueva York = New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

* cadena de valores = value chain.

* carecer de valor = have + a hollow ring.

* carente de valor = worthless.

* centrado en los valores = value-driven.

* código de valores = code of values.

* conflicto de valores = conflict of values.

* con juicio de valor = value-loaded.

* conjunto de valores = set of values.

* contabilidad de valores devengados = accrual accounting.

* con valores difusos = fuzzy-valued.

* conversión en valor monetario = monetisation [monetization, -USA].

* convertido en valor monetario = monetised [monetized, -pl.].

* convertir en valor monetario = monetise [monetize, -USA].

* dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.

* dar valor = imbue with + value.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de poco valor = a dime a dozen.

* descomposición por valores simples = singular value decomposition.

* de valor = of value.

* de valor añadido = value-added, value-adding.

* de valor equiparable = of comparable worth.

* de valor incalculable = invaluable.

* disminuir el valor de = belittle.

* edificio de valor histórico = heritage-listed building.

* emitir un juicio de valor = exercise + value judgment, pass + value judgement.

* enfrentamiento de valores = conflict of values.

* escala de valores = graded range, set of values.

* establecer valores = establish + values.

* falta de valor = worthlessness.

* forma de la curva estadística en su valor más alto = peak-shape.

* hacer prevaler las ideas y valores de uno mismo = assert + own ideas and values.

* hacer que tenga más valor = put + a premium on.

* igualdad de retribución por un trabajo de igual valor = equal pay for equal work.

* igualdad de retribución por un trabajo de valor comparable = equal pay for comparable work.

* impuesto sobre el valor añadido (IVA) = value added tax (VAT).

* juicio de valor = value judgement.

* mercado de valores = stock market, share market.

* método del Valor de Discriminación (DV) = Discrimination Value model (DV).

* minar los valores tradicionales = undermine + traditional values.

* no tener valor = be valueless.

* nuevo valor = newcomer.

* objeto de valor = valuable.

* objeto de valor cultural = cultural valuable.

* objetos de valor = valuables.

* perder valor = lose + Posesivo + value.

* pérdida de valor = devaluation, loss of value.

* pez de valor = game fish.

* por valor de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.

* quitar el valor = render + valueless.

* quitar valor = devalue, deflate.

* reducir el valor = reduce + value.

* regla del valor literal = face value rule.

* ser de poco valor = be of little use, be of little value.

* ser de un valor especial = be of particular value.

* servicios de red de valor añadido (VANS) = value added network services (VANS).

* sin valor = dummy, worthless, valueless, drossy.

* sistema de valores = system of values, value system.

* sistema de valores personales = personal value system.

* sistema de valores sociales = social value system.

* tener poco valor = be of little value.

* tener un valor especial = be of particular value.

* tener valor = count.

* valor afectivo del servicio = affect of service.

* valor añadido = added benefit, added value.

* valor atípico = outlier.

* valor característico = eigenvalue.

* valor comercial = marketing value, commercial paper.

* valor cultural = cultural value.

* valor de la novedad = novelty value.

* valor de la propiedad = property value.

* valor de ley = force of law.

* valor de ordenación = filing value.

* valor de pertinencia = estimation of relevance.

* valor de predicción = predictive power.

* valor de retención = retention value.

* valor económico = monetary value, economic value, monetary worth.

* valor efectivo = cash value.

* valores = assets, ethos, equities, equity shares.

* valores agregados = value chain.

* valores añadidos = value chain.

* valores de la bolsa = stock prices, stock market quotations.

* valores familiares = family values.

* valor específico = weight, weighting.

* valores y normas de comportamiento de los miembros de una instutición = corporate culture.

* valor ético = ethical value.

* valor fundamental = asset.

* valor global = overall value.

* valor humano = human value.

* valor intrínsico = intrinsic worth.

* valor máximo = high-water mark.

* valor medicinal = medicinal value.

* valor medio = midrange, mean value.

* valor mínimo = low-water mark.

* valor monetario = monetary value, monetary worth.

* valor moral = moral value.

* valor numérico = numerical value.

* valor numérico exacto = crisp value.

* valor nutritivo = nutritional value, nutrient value.

* valor político = political value.

* valor por omisión = default value.

* valor positivo = virtue.

* valor representativo = eigenvalue.

* valor social = social value.

* VAN (red de valor añadido) = VAN (value added network).

* * *

valor

masculine

Sentido I

A

1 ( Com, Fin) (de una moneda) value; (de un cuadro, una joya) value

dio a conocer el verdadero valor del collar he revealed the true value o worth of the necklace

un alijo de droga por (un) valor de 5.000 euros a consignment of drugs worth o with a value of 5,000 euros

libros por valor de $150 books to the value of $150 o $150 worth of books

el valor de las acciones ha bajado the value of the shares has dropped, the shares have fallen in value

no se llevaron ningún objeto de valor they didn't take any valuables o anything valuable

enseres de poco valor material things of little material o real value

2 (importancia, mérito) value

no tiene ningún valor artístico it has no artistic value o merit

valor sentimental sentimental value

su palabra tiene un gran valor para mí I set great store by his word

sus promesas no tienen ningún valor her promises are worthless

si no lleva la firma no tiene ningún valor it's worthless unless it's signed

¿qué valor tiene si lo copió? what merit is there in it if he copied it?

¿qué valor tiene que se lo sepa de memoria si no lo entiende? what's the use o good of her knowing it by heart if she doesn't understand it?

Compuestos:

● valor absoluto

absolute value

● valor adquisitivo

purchasing power

● valor alimenticio

food o nutritional value

● valor añadido

value added, added value

● valor catastral

value recorded in the land registry ( used for calculating property taxes)

● valor de cambio

exchange value

● valor de rescate

surrender value

● valor de uso

usage o practical value

● valor facial

face value

● valor nominal

par o nominal value

● valor nutritivo

food o nutritional value

● valor por defecto

( Inf) default value

● valor relativo

relative value

B valores mpl ( Econ, Fin) securities (pl), stocks (pl), shares (pl)

Compuestos:

● valores de renta fija

mpl fixed yield securities (pl)

● valores de renta variable

mpl variable yield securities (pl)

C

1 ( Mat) (de una incógnita) value

2 ( Mús) (de una nota) value, length

D

(persona): uno de los jóvenes valores de nuestro tenis one of our young tennis stars

los nuevos valores de nuestra música our up-and-coming musicians

E valores mpl (principios morales) values (pl)

escala or jerarquía de valores scale of values

Sentido II

A (coraje, valentía) courage

me faltó valor para decírselo I didn't have the courage to tell him

hay que tener valor para hacer algo así you have to be brave o it takes courage to do a thing like that

el capitán ensalzó el valor de los soldados the captain praised the soldiers for their bravery o courage

armarse de valor to pluck up courage

B ( fam) (descaro, desvergüenza) nerve ( colloq), cheek ( BrE colloq)

¡encima tiene el valor de protestar! and then she has the nerve o cheek to complain!, and then she dares to complain!

* * *

valor sustantivo masculino
1
a) (Com, Fin) value;

◊ libros por valor de $150 books to the value of $150;

objetos de valor valuables;
valor adquisitivo purchasing power
b) (importancia, mérito) value;

◊ valor sentimental sentimental value

c) ( validez) validity;

◊ sin la firma no tiene ningún valor it's not valid without the signature

2
a) (coraje, valentía) courage;

◊ me faltó valor I didn't have the courage;

armarse de valor to pluck up courage
b) (fam) (descaro, desvergüenza) nerve (colloq);

◊ ¡encima tiene el valor de protestar! and then she has the nerve to complain!

3
◊ valores sustantivo masculino plural

a) ( principios morales) values

b) (Fin) securities, stocks, shares

valor sustantivo masculino
1 (valentía, arrojo) courage, bravery
2 (mérito, importancia, etc) value, worth
(precio) price: ha invertido en joyas por valor de un millón de pesetas, he has invested in a million pesetas' worth of jewels
no le da ningún valor al dinero, he attaches no importance to money
objetos de valor, valuables
sin valor, worthless
3 (vigencia, validez legal) validity
4 Mat Mús value
5 fam (jeta, caradura) cheek: tuvo el valor de preguntarme por ella, he had the nerve to ask me about her
6 Fin valores securities, bonds
7 (éticos) valores, values
♦ Locuciones: armarse de valor: se armó de valor e hizo frente a la agresión, she gathered up her courage and stood up to the aggression
' valor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agalla
- alimento
- antigüedad
- armarse
- aumentar
- bagatela
- bastante
- catastral
- conceder
- determinación
- importar
- impuesta
- impuesto
- infundir
- IVA
- juicio
- mérito
- ni
- nominal
- nula
- nulo
- nutritiva
- nutritivo
- oscilación
- oscilante
- ponderar
- preciosa
- precioso
- relativa
- relativo
- relieve
- representar
- reunir
- sanctasanctórum
- tal
- tan
- tres
- valer
- valorar
- valoración
- agallas
- alguno
- aliento
- alimenticio
- anecdótico
- armar
- asignar
- audacia
- bajar
- carecer
English:
absolute
- appreciate
- appreciation
- assess
- assessment
- asset
- attach
- book
- bravery
- cheap
- courage
- denomination
- detract
- equity
- estimate
- everything
- face value
- gain
- grit
- heart
- intrinsic
- invaluable
- nerve
- par
- pluck
- pluck up
- prowess
- replacement value
- rise
- sink
- steel
- street value
- strength
- summon up
- tax
- trash
- underprice
- valuable
- value
- value added tax
- VAT
- worth
- worthless
- worthlessness
- cheapen
- credit
- doubtful
- face
- fail
- go

* * *

valor nm

1. [precio, utilidad, mérito] value;

ha subido el valor del peso frente al dólar the peso has risen against the dollar;

tiene valor sentimental it is of sentimental value;

tiene más valor arqueológico que artístico it is of more archaeological than artistic value;

de (mucho) valor (very) valuable;

no había nada de valor en la casa there was nothing of value in the house;

joyas por valor de… jewels worth…;

sin valor worthless;

tener valor [ser valioso] to be valuable;
[ser válido] to be valid;
sin el sello oficial carece de o [m5] no tiene valor it is not valid without the official seal;

tener mucho/poco valor to be very/not very valuable

Comp
Fin valor de los activos asset value; Fin valor actual neto net present value;
valor adquisitivo purchasing power;
Am Econ valor agregado added value;
valor alimenticio food value;
Econ valor añadido added value; Fin valor asegurado insured value;
valor biológico biological value;

valor calórico [de comida] calorific value;

valor catastral = value of a property recorded in the land register, Br ≈ rateable value, US ≈ assessed value;

valor comercial commercial value;
Fin valor contable book price o value;
valor de mercado market value;

valor nominal face o nominal value;

valor nutritivo nutritional value;
Fin valor realizable neto net realizable value; Fin valor de reposición replacement value; Fin valor de rescate surrender value
2. Mat value

3. Mús value

4. [importancia] importance;

su opinión es de enorme valor para nosotros her opinion is of great value o importance to us;

dar valor a to give o attach importance to;

quitar valor a algo to take away from sth, to diminish sth

5. [valentía] bravery;

se necesita valor para hacer una cosa así you need to be brave o it takes courage to do a thing like that;

armarse de valor to pluck up one's courage;

le eché valor, y le confesé la verdad I plucked up my courage and told her the truth;

Comp

¡valor y al toro! go for it!

6. [desvergüenza] cheek, nerve;

¡hace falta valor para decir eso! what a cheek o nerve saying a thing like that!;

tener el valor de hacer algo to have the cheek o nerve to do sth

7. [personaje]
un joven valor del atletismo/teatro an up-and-coming young athlete/actor

8.
valores [principios] values

9. Fin
valores [de inversión] securities

Comp
valores en cartera investment portfolio;
valores de crecimiento growth stock;

valores inmuebles real estate;

valores negociables negotiable securities;

valores de renta fija fixed-interest o fixed-income securities;

valores de renta variable variable-interest o variable-income securities, equities

* * *

valor

m

1 value;

de gran valor very valuable; fig of great worth o

value;

objetos de valor valuables

2

:

valores pl COM securities

3 ( valentía) courage

* * *

valor nm

1) : value, worth, importance

2) coraje: courage, valor

3) valores nmpl

: values, principles

4) valores nmpl

: securities, bonds

5)

sin valor : worthless

* * *

valor n

1. (valía) value

los recuerdos tienen valor sentimental souvenirs have a sentimental value

2. (precio) price

¿cuál es el valor de este terreno? how much is this land worth?

3. (valentía) courage

hay que tener valor para hacer lo que hizo it takes a lot of courage to do what he did

Spanish-English dictionary > valor
16 system

n

1) система; комплекс

2) система; порядок; классификация

3) метод; способ

- accelerated cost recovery system
- accounting system
- actual cost system
- administrative system
- advanced system
- airline system
- appointment system
- assessment system
- automated control system
- automated management system
- automatic conveyor system
- automatic data processing system
- automatic transfer system
- banking system
- batch system
- bidding system
- bilateral clearing system
- bimetallic monetary system
- bonus system
- budgetary control system
- cash system
- centralized control system
- central record system
- chain store system
- checking system
- classification system
- clearing system
- clearing house interbank payment system
- closed system
- closed system of finance
- communication system
- computerised system
- computerised system of payments
- computerised interbank clearing system
- conference system
- constrained system
- constraint system
- container system
- contract system
- contractual vertical marketing system
- control system
- controlled system
- corporate vertical marketing system
- cost accounting system
- cost control system
- cost distribution system
- credit system
- crediting system
- credit scoring system
- credit transfer system
- cropping system
- currency system
- data system
- data acquisition system
- data collection system
- data interchange system
- data processing system
- data transmission system
- decentralized system
- decimal system
- deferred rebate system
- department incentive system
- deposit insurance system
- distribution system
- dual system
- dual-pay system
- dual price system
- dual standard cost system
- dynamic system
- economic system
- educational system
- electronic book-entry system
- electronic fund transfer system
- engineering system
- equilibrium system
- estimate cost system
- European monetary system
- evaluation system
- exchange system
- factory system
- farming system
- farm price system
- Federal Reserve System
- feedback system
- financial system
- fiscal system
- forecasting system
- free enterprise system
- generalized system of preferences
- giro system
- hauling system
- hire purchase system
- historical cost system
- household system
- import quota system
- imprest system
- industrial system
- inefficient tax system
- information system
- information retrieval system
- in-plant system
- inspection system
- integrated accounting system
- integrated record system
- Internet-based system
- inventory control system
- irrigation system
- job order cost system
- judicial system
- justice system
- land tenure system
- land-use system
- legal system
- licence system
- linear system
- lump system
- macroeconomic system
- management system
- management information system
- managerial system
- market system
- marketing system
- master system
- measuring system
- mechanical accounting system
- mercantile system
- metric system
- monetary system
- monitoring system
- multichannel system
- multicomputer system
- multidepot system
- multiitem system
- multilateral system of settlements
- multilevel system
- multiple system
- multiproduct inventory system
- multipurpose system
- multirobot system
- multistage system
- multiuser computer system
- national banking system
- normalized system
- office system
- one-crop system
- one-price system
- open price system
- operating system
- operational system
- order system
- ordering system
- par value system
- patent system
- pay system
- pay-as-you-earn system
- pay-as-you-go system
- payment system
- petty cash system
- piecework system
- planning system
- postal system
- post giro system
- power system
- premium system
- price system
- priority system
- private enterprise system
- process control system
- processing system
- production system
- product testing system
- programme system
- programme development system
- programming system
- protectionist system
- protective system
- public-address system
- quality system
- quality intelligence system
- quality rating system
- queueing system
- quota system
- railroad system
- railway system
- rating system
- rationing system
- real-time system
- recording system
- record keeping system
- reference system
- registration system
- relay system
- remote-control system
- reporting system
- retail trade system
- retrieval system
- risk-management system
- rotation system
- savings bank system
- scoring system
- search system
- selection system
- service system
- settlement system
- sewage system
- shared resource system
- shuttle system
- single system
- single-channel system
- social system
- stable system
- stand-alone system
- standard system
- standard cost system
- standby system
- state system
- static system
- stationary system
- storage system
- storekeeping system
- supply system
- sweating system
- tariff system
- tax system
- taxation system
- telecommunication system
- telephone system
- telephone answering system
- tender system
- tenure system
- testing system
- time-shared system
- timesharing system
- transfer system
- transmission system
- transport system
- transportation system
- trial system
- truck system
- two-shift system
- two-tier banking system
- two-tier gold system
- underwriting system
- uniform system of accounts
- universal time system
- unstable system
- value system
- vertical marketing system
- voucher system
- wage system
- wage labour system
- warehousing system
- waste disposal system
- waste handling system
- waste treatment system
- water system
- weighting system
- working system
- world system
- system of accounts
- system of administration
- system of bookkeeping
- system of classification
- system of control
- system of distribution
- system of information
- system of levies
- system of management
- system of marketing
- system of marking
- system of protective tariffs
- system of sales
- system of settlements
- system of tariffs
- system of taxation
- system of transportation
- system of units
- system of weights and measures
- bypass the banking system
- convert to a metric system
- design a system
- operate a system
- phase out the quota system

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > system
17 method

n

метод

- abbreviated method
- accelerated method
- accounting method
- accretion method
- accrual method
- accrued benefit valuation method
- actual cost method
- actuarial method
- adequate method
- ad hoc method
- advanced method
- advertising method
- age-life method of depreciation
- amortization method
- approximation method
- assessment method
- automated processing method
- backtracking method
- balance method
- batch method of production
- bidding methods
- block booking method
- bookkeeping method
- branch-and-bound method
- by-product method of cost accounting
- calculation method
- capital-intensive method of production
- case study method
- cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting
- common methods of fraud
- completed contract method
- complete elimination method
- composition ratio method
- continual review method
- control method
- conventional method
- conventional production methods
- costing method
- cost-based methods
- cost depletion method
- cost-plus method
- cost-recovery method
- cost-saving method
- credit-scoring method
- critical path method
- declining-balance depreciation method
- depreciation method
- design methods
- direct method of depreciation
- direct method of standardization
- direct write-off method
- discounted cash flow method
- distributing method
- distribution method
- double-declining-balance depreciation method
- double description method
- double entry method
- economical method
- effective method
- efficient method
- estimating method
- evaluation method
- fabrication method
- fifo costing method
- first in, first out costing method
- forecasting method
- general method
- generalized method
- genetic engineering method
- graduation method
- graph method
- gross method
- gross profit method
- index method
- indexing method
- industrial method
- inspection method
- installment sale method
- inventory method
- inventory valuation method
- investment valuation method
- irregular method of write-off
- item-by-item method
- job method of cost accounting
- job order method of cost accounting
- joint product method of cost accounting
- kid-glove methods
- labour-hour method of depreciation
- lean production methods
- least-squares method
- lifo costing method
- last in, first out costing method
- loading method
- machine-hour method
- machine-hour rate depreciation method
- machining method
- mail questionnaire method
- major category method
- manual methods
- manufacturing method
- matching transactions method
- materials moving methods
- net method
- network method
- normal method
- numerical method
- one-factor-at-a-time method
- operating method
- output method of depreciation
- packaging method
- packing method
- patentable method
- patented method
- payback method
- periodic inventory method
- perpetual inventory method
- perturbation method
- physical volume method
- playback method
- point method
- prediction methods
- present value method
- pricing method
- prime cost method
- process method of cost accounting
- processing method
- production methods
- production method of depreciation
- production control method
- profit split method
- progressive methods
- quality control method
- quantitative method
- random observation method
- ranking method
- reducing balance method of depreciation
- reinterview method
- replacement method of depreciation
- resale price method
- retirement method of depreciation
- risk management method
- safe method
- sample method
- sampling method
- saturation method
- scheduling method
- scientific method
- searching method
- sequential method
- service output depreciation method
- short method
- simplex method
- sinking fund method of depreciation
- special method
- standard method
- statistical method
- stochastic approximation method
- straight line method
- straight-line method of depreciation
- straight line depreciation method
- straight-line flow method
- sum of the digits method of depreciation
- sum of the years' digits method of depreciation
- systematical method
- table method
- tally sheet method
- taxation method
- teaching methods
- team development method
- test method
- testing method
- total inventory method
- trial and error method
- turnover method
- unit method of depreciation
- unit of production method of depreciation
- unit of production depreciation method
- valuation method
- variational method
- working method
- working hours method of depreciation
- workshop method
- method of accounting
- method of amortization
- method of analysis
- method of assessment
- method of average
- method of calculation
- method of characteristics
- method of collaboration
- method of comparison
- methods of construction
- method of conveyance
- method of cooperation
- method of delivery
- method of depreciation
- method of designated routes
- method of display
- method of distribution
- methods of dodging taxes
- method of estimation
- method of evaluation
- method of exclusion
- method of feasible directions
- method of finance
- method of financing
- method of forwarding
- method of identification
- method of indirect export
- method of indirect import
- method of inspection
- method of leading averages
- method of leading variables
- method of levying duties
- methods of management
- method of manufacture
- method of operation
- method of ordering
- method of packaging
- method of packing
- method of payment
- method of planning
- method of production
- method of promotion
- method of quality determination
- methods of regulation
- method of reimbursement
- method of sales promotion
- method of sampling
- method of settlement
- method of shipment
- method of shipping
- method of smoothing
- method of solution
- method of stowage
- method of stowing
- method of successive approximation
- methods of trading
- methods of training
- method of transportation
- method of working
- cost or market whichever is lower method of inventory valuation
- adopt a method
- apply a method
- develop a method
- employ a method
- follow a method
- introduce a method
- practise a method
- realize a method
- repeal a method
- revise a method
- work out a method

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > method
18 system

1) система; способ; метод

2) устройство; строй

3) классификация

4) учение

5) сеть (дорог)

- systems and procedures

- system with backlog

- system with finite waiting room

- system with limited holding time

- system without information

- system with refusal

- system with restrictions

- system of debiting agents with actual premiums collected

- system of economic exchange

- system of fixed base index

- system of instantaneous payments

- system of integrated national accounts

- system of machinery

- system of planning and incentives

- accounting system

- actual cost system

- adaptive system

- address matching system

- advanced system

- advertised bid system

- appointment system

- arable dairy system

- arable-livestock system

- asymptotically stable system

- automated control system

- automatic data processing system

- automatic dragline system

- automatic transfer system

- average premium system

- balking system

- banking system

- basing-point system

- batch system

- battery system

- block system

- "blue-eyed" boysystem

- bonus system

- budgetary control system

- bulk power system

- bulk-service system

- capacitated system

- capitalist system

- cashiering system

- census information retrieval system

- centralized control system

- centrally planned system

- central record system

- chain store system

- civil transportation system

- class cost system

- classification system

- clearing system

- closed marriage system

- closed queueing system

- command-and-control systems

- commercial drylot beef feeding system

- common control system

- competitive systems

- competitive negotiated bidding system

- computer-based trading system for the Eurobonds market

- computer-controlled closed-loop system

- computerized system of payments

- computerized information system

- constant causes system

- constrained system

- continuous cost system

- continuous registration system

- continuous review system

- contract system

- convertible-dollar system

- cost system

- cost control system

- cost-plus system

- crawling peg system

- credit system

- credit authorizing system

- credit transfer system

- credit validation system

- cropping system

- crop rotation system

- cultivation system

- currency system

- custom transit systems

- cyclical early warning system

- cyclical response system

- data system

- data collection system

- data exchange system

- data handling system

- data logging system

- data processing system

- data reduction system

- data retrieval system

- data transmission system

- decentralized reserve system

- decimal system of coding

- delay system

- delivered price systems

- departmental system of management

- departmental costing system

- deterministic system

- diversified farm production system

- domestic system

- double account system

- drainage system

- dry system

- dual banking system

- dual posting system

- dual standard cost system

- dynamic system

- dynamic priority system

- early warning system

- ecologic equilibrium system

- econometric system

- educational system

- electric system

- electronic book-entry system

- electronic funds transfer system

- Emerson bonus system

- energy system

- engineering system

- equilibrium system

- estimating-cost system

- extensive farming system

- factory system

- factory-warehouse system

- farm costing system

- farming system

- farm loan system

- Federal Reserve interdistrict collection system

- feedback system

- feeding system

- feed-units system

- feudal system

- financial system

- fiscal system

- fixed-interval system

- fixed-order-quantity system

- follow-the-leader pricing system

- forecasting system

- fractional reserve system

- free enterprise system

- free-range system

- functional information system

- Gantt system

- general window system

- giro system

- Halsey system

- hatch system

- historical cost system

- household system

- housing system

- incentive payment system

- infinite queueing system

- information system

- information decision system

- information retrieval system

- input-output system

- inspection system

- integrated accounting system

- integrated farm production system

- integrated record system

- intensive farming system

- international monetary system

- inventory control system

- job cost system

- kinship system

- land capability classification system

- land classification system

- land-tenure system

- land-use system

- large scale business system

- latifundium system

- Leontief system

- limited availability system

- linear system

- linear programming system

- locally stable system

- local public system

- local transit system

- loose housing system

- loss system

- loss-delay system

- lossless system

- low-cost low-output farming system

- management system

- management information system

- managerial system

- man-machine system

- manorial system

- manufacturing system

- many-server system

- market system

- Markov system

- marriage registration system

- material flow system

- mechanized production system

- meritocratic system

- metric system

- minimax system

- mixed enterprise system

- mnemonic code system

- modified reorder point system

- monetary system

- monitor system

- monopolistic system

- multibank system

- multichannel system

- multicommodity system

- multidepot system

- multiechelon supply system

- multiitem inventory system

- multiitem supply system

- multilateral system of settlements

- multilevel system

- multilocation supply system

- multiple system

- multiple basing-point system

- multiple currency reserve system

- multiple queue system

- multiple reorder point system

- multiple-trigger system

- multiproduct inventory system

- multiserver system

- multistage supply system

- multistation system

- multivariable system

- national banking system

- national payment system

- nationwide branch banking system

- negotiated bidding system

- non-Markovian system

- nonnormalized system

- nonpreemptive priority system

- normal cost system

- numerical transit system

- office system

- on-demand system

- one-crop system

- one-litter system

- open marriage system

- open price system

- operational system

- operations cost system

- optimum system

- ordering system

- ordering cycle system

- outdoor wintering system

- parcel pickup system

- partial standard cost system

- partido system

- par value system

- pay-as-you-earn system

- payment system

- pen system

- performance measurement system

- periodic reordering system

- permit-issuing system

- perpetual inventory system

- piece-rate system

- planning-programming-budgeting system

- plantation system

- point system

- postal saving system

- post giro system

- power system

- predetermined motion time system

- preemptive priority system

- premium system

- preplanning system

- price system

- priority system

- probabilistic system

- process cost system

- production system

- production distribution system

- program change control system

- publicly owned power system

- public power system

- public water system

- pure key-currency system

- quality system

- quality auditing system

- quality intelligence system

- quality rating system

- queueing system

- quota system

- railway system

- ramified kinship system

- rate card system

- rationing system

- receiving inspection system

- record keeping system

- regional electronic payment system

- relay system

- reneging system

- reorder point system

- reorder time system

- retail trade system

- rotation system

- saving system

- scheduling system

- scoring system

- semi-intensive system

- serving system

- sharecrop system

- shift system

- simulation system

- single basing-point system

- single channel system

- single posting system

- single-server system

- single standard cost system

- slow check collection system

- snake-in-the-tunnel system

- socialist system

- soil rating system

- sole source negotiated bidding system

- specialized farm production system

- specific-order cost system

- speedup system

- spoils system

- sponsor group system

- standard cost system

- static-priority system

- straight-line system of depreciation

- suggestion system

- supply system

- surplus appropriation system

- sweating system

- task system

- teletype system

- time-sharing system

- total information system

- transmission system

- two-bin system

- two-channel system

- two-class system

- two-tier system of price of gold

- uncapacitated system

- underloaded queueing system

- underwriting system

- uniform accounting system

- unit teller system

- value system

- vital statistics system

- voucher system

- wage-labor system

- waiting system

- waste-handling system

- water system

- weighting system

- within-plant trackage system

Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > system
19 system

система; комплекс

•

- accelerated cost recovery system

- accounting system

- accounting information system

- actual cost system

- adjustable peg exchange rate system

- administrative system

- advertised bidding system

- allocation system

- assessment system

- automated control system

- automated management system

- automatic transfer system

- banking system

- batch system

- bidding system

- bilateral clearing system

- bimetallic monetary system

- bonus system

- book-entry settlement system

- budgetary control system

- cash system

- cash management system

- central record system

- checking system

- classification system

- clearing system

- clearing house interbank payment system

- closed system of finance

- computerised system of payments

- computerised accounting and financial management system

- computerised billing system

- constraint system

- contractual system

- control system

- cooperative system

- cost accounting system

- cost control system

- crawling-peg exchange rate system

- credit system

- credit and monetary system

- credit authorizing system

- crediting system

- credit restraint system

- credit restriction system

- credit scoring system

- credit transfer system

- currency system

- currency pooling system

- data system

- depositary system

- deposit insurance system

- distribution system

- double-account system

- double-entry system

- dual price system

- dual standard cost system

- electronic fund transfer system

- electronic trading system

- equal principal repayment system

- estimate cost system

- estimating cost system

- European system of credit cards

- evaluation system

- exchange system

- exchange rate system

- exchange regulation system

- factoring system

- Federal Reserve System

- feedback system

- financial system

- fiscal system

- fixed exchange rate system

- flexible system

- floating rate system

- forecasting system

- free enterprise system

- funds transfer system

- gold exchange standard system

- government issue system

- hedging system

- historical cost system

- import quota system

- imprest system

- incentive payment system

- inspection system

- integrated accounting system

- integrated record system

- interbank information system

- interest rate system

- international monetary system

- international payment system

- issue system

- justice system

- legal system

- level annuity system

- mainframe accounting system

- management system

- management information system

- market system

- marketing system

- monetary system

- monetary and financial system

- monitoring system

- multilateral system of settlements

- multilateral payments system

- multiple tariff system

- mutual offset system

- national banking system

- national currency system

- national payment system

- negotiated bidding system

- offshore netting system

- on-line real time system

- on-line trading system

- operating system

- operations management system

- option system

- par value system

- pay system

- pay-as-you-earn system

- pay-as-you-go system

- payments system

- performance appraisal system

- petty cash system

- point-of-sale terminal system

- pool-based lending rate system

- premium system

- price system

- punishment/reward system

- quota system

- quota allocation system

- quotation system

- rate of exchange system

- rating system

- record keeping system

- registration system

- reference system

- reporting system

- reserve funds system

- risk-management system

- save-as-you-earn system

- savings bank system

- settlements system

- social insurance system

- standard cost system

- standby system

- state banking system

- state loan guarantee system

- surveillance system

- sustainable system

- tariff system

- tax system

- taxation system

- tax credit system

- tax exemption system

- tender system

- two-tier banking system

- two-tier corporate governance system

- two-tier gold system

- underwriting system

- unemployment benefit system

- unified system of accounts

- uniform system of accounts

- variable rate lending system

- vertical system

- wage system

- web booking system

- system of accounts

- system of administration

- system of balances

- system of bookkeeping

- system of budgetary payments

- system of classification

- system of compensation payments

- system of contractual obligations

- system of control

- system of crediting

- system of currency regulation

- system of discounts

- system of flexible exchange rates

- system of flexible tariffs and discounts

- system of levies

- system of management

- system of multilateral payments

- system of mutual settlements

- system of prohibitive duties

- system of protective tariffs

- system of remote access to accounts

- system of settlements

- system of settlements via banking channels

- system of statutory reserves

- system of tariffs

- system of taxes

- system of taxation

- bypass the banking system

- design a system

- operate a system

- overhaul a system

- phase out the quota system

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > system
20 system

1) система || системный

2) вычислительная система

3) вчт операционная система; программа-супервизор

4) система уравнений

5) вчт большая программа

6) метод; способ; алгоритм

•

system halted — "система остановлена" ( экранное сообщение об остановке компьютера при наличии серьёзной ошибки)

- system for event evaluation and review

- system for interactive design

- system of demand equations

- system of units

- system on glass

- 2-2-4 system

- 4-2-4 system

- 4-4-4 system

- absolutely centralized computer system

- access control list system

- accounting system

- Accutrack 400 system

- action logic system

- action-translation system

- active array antenna system

- active night-vision system

- activity-based costing system

- adaptive control system

- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

- ADE system

- adjoint system

- aerial system

- aerospace support system

- AEW system

- AGS system

- airborne early-warning system

- airborne warning and control system

- airborne weather radar system

- aircraft collision avoidance system

- airfield communication system

- air-traffic control system

- air-traffic control radar-beacon system

- airways environmental radar information system

- alignment-and-exposure system

- all-weather guidance system

- all-weather landing system

- alpha system

- alpha reinforcement system

- alternation-product block-cipher system

- analog protection system

- Andrew file system

- antenna-ground system

- antishock system

- antiskip system

- applet file system

- application control and management system

- application development system

- Armstrong frequency-modulation system

- ASR system

- asymmetric cryptographic system

- asynchronous address communication system

- asynchronous-multiplex system

- ATC system

- attached processor system

- attended system

- A-type Dolby system

- A-type professional Dolby system

- audio system

- audio noise-reduction Dolby system

- audiovisual system

- author system

- authoring system

- automated design engineering system

- automated vision system

- automatic coding system

- automatic computer-controlled electronic scanning system

- automatic control system

- automatic data processing system

- automatic degaussing system

- automatic degaussing control system

- automatic digital encoding system

- automatic gain stabilization system

- automatic intercept system

- automatic noise-reduction system

- automatic program search system

- automatic programmable logic array synthesis system

- automatic radio direction-finding system

- automatic speech-recognition system

- automatic stabilization and control system

- automatic tape calibration system

- automatic-telephone system

- automatic test system

- automatic tuning system

- automatic vacuum deposition system

- automobile navigation system

- autonomous system

- avionics system

- aware system

- balance-line system

- ballistic-missile early-warning system

- band-limited system

- bandwidth compression system

- BAR system

- bare-bones system

- base station system

- baseband radar system

- basic input/output system

- batch-processing system

- Batten system

- BCF system

- beam-current feedback system

- beam-forming system

- beam-guidance system

- beam-rider control system

- beep-only system

- beep-plus-voice system

- billing system

- binary system

- binary number system

- bit-serial system

- blind approach beacon system

- bridge duplex system

- broadcast television system

- B-type Dolby system

- B-type simplified Dolby system

- building-block CAD system

- built-in expert system

- bus system

- business information system

- cable distribution system

- cable modem termination system

- CACE system

- CAD system

- CADIC system

- CAE system

- call queuing system

- calorimeter system

- carrier system

- carrier-communication system

- carrier-telegraph system

- case-based expert system

- CATV system

- CD-4 system

- celestial coordinate system

- celestial guidance system

- cellular radio system

- central-battery system

- central-control system

- central nervous system

- centralized automatic trouble-location system

- centralized computer system

- CF system

- CGS system

- CGS electromagnetic system

- CGS electrostatic system

- chaff communication system

- Chain Home radar system

- chain rdr system

- chaotic system

- chirp radar system

- CH radar system

- ciphertext autokey system

- Civis system

- classifier system

- closed bus system

- closed-circuit television system

- closed-cycle control system

- closed-loop control system

- closed-loop servo system

- cloud and collision warning system

- clutter rejection system

- CMY system

- CMYK system

- coarse-fine system

- code addressed system

- coherent carriers system

- coherent spread-spectrum system

- collision avoidance system

- color management system

- COM system

- command system

- command and control system

- command-driven system

- command guidance system

- command-line operating system

- common system

- common carrier system

- common Internet file system

- common timing system

- communication system

- communications and tracking system

- communications switching system

- community antenna television system

- compact-disk file system

- compatible color television system

- compatible single-sideband system

- compatible stereo system

- compatible stereo-quadraphonic record system

- compatible time-sharing system

- complete residue system

- complex system

- composite guidance system

- compound interferometer system

- computer system

- computer-aided control engineering system

- computer-aided design and test system

- computer-aided engineering system

- computer-aided IC design system

- computer-aided retrieval system

- computer-aided voice wiring system

- computer-assisted radar display system

- computer-augmented oscilloscope system

- computer-based expert system

- computer-based photoelectric-counting system

- computer-controlled system

- computer-controlled electron-beam system

- computer-controlled recording system

- computer output microfilm system

- computer process control system

- computer vision system

- computing system

- configurable system

- configurable business system

- connected-speech recognition system

- connectionist system

- conservative system

- constant-frequency variable-dot system

- content scrambling system

- continuous presence system

- continuous-wave tracking system

- control system

- conversational system

- conversational program system

- Cook system

- cooling system

- cooperative system

- coordinate system

- copy generation management system

- correlated orientation tracking and range system

- correlation tracking system

- correlation tracking and triangulation system

- cotar system

- cotat system

- countermeasure system

- CPsystem

- crossband system

- crossbar system

- cross-development system

- crossed-coincident microphone system

- cryptographic system

- crystal system

- CSR system

- C-type Dolby system

- cubic crystal system

- current awareness system

- customer information control system

- data system

- data-acquisition system

- data-banking system

- database management system

- database management system for workgroups

- data-collection system

- data collection and reduction system

- data communication system

- data-compression system

- data-gathering system

- data-handling system

- data management system

- data-processing system

- data reduction system

- data-retrieval system

- data-transmission system

- dc diode sputtering system

- dc self-synchronous system

- dc triode sputter deposition system

- DDC system

- decentralized computer system

- decimal system

- decimal number system

- decision support system

- dedicated system

- deep submicron system

- defense message system

- descriptor-based protection system

- DEW system

- df antenna system

- diagnostic information system

- dial telephone switching system

- differential duplex system

- differential global positioning system

- Diffie-Hellman system

- digital system

- digital access and cross-connect system

- digital cellular system

- digital cellular system 1800 MHz

- digital data-handling system

- digital link management system

- digital private network signaling system

- Digital Research disk operating system

- digital switching system

- digital television system

- digital voice communication system

- direct-challenge system

- direct-dialing telephone system

- direct-digital control system

- direct-feedback system

- direct program search system

- direction-finder antenna system

- directory assistance system

- direct-sequence system

- direct-spread system

- disaster tolerant disk system

- discrete-address beacon system

- discrete-addressed beacon system

- discrete dynamic system

- discrete-parameter system

- discrete sound system

- discriminating-call system

- discriminating-ring system

- disk operating system

- disperse system

- display system

- dissipative system

- distant early-warning system

- distributed system

- distributed control system

- distributed data base management system

- distributed file system

- distributed information processing system

- distributed-parameter system

- distributed-processing system

- distributed software system

- document preparation system

- document viewing system

- Dolby system

- Dolby A system

- Dolby AC-3 system

- Dolby B system

- Dolby C system

- Dolby Digital system

- Dolby Headroom Extension Pro system

- Dolby HX Pro system

- Dolby Noise Reduction system

- Dolby NR system

- Dolby S system

- Dolby Spectral system

- Dolby Surround system

- Dolby Surround Pro-Logic system

- domain name system

- domestic satellite communication system

- Doppler inertial system

- dot-sequential system

- dot-sequential color-television system

- double capstan system

- dp system

- DS system

- dual fail-safe system

- duplex system

- duplicated system

- dynamic system

- early-warning system

- Earth-satellite-Earth communication system

- Edison power distribution system

- educational expert system

- effective technical and human implementation of computer-based systems

- eight-track cartridge system

- electromechanically driven projection system

- electron beam deflection system

- electron-beam exposure system

- electronic countermeasures system

- electronic data-processing system

- electronic document management system

- electronic funds transfer system

- electronic guidance system

- electronic identification system

- electronic mail system

- electronic meeting system

- electronic performance support system

- electronic-scanning system

- electronic scanning radar system

- electronic switching system

- electronic tracking system

- electron-optical system

- electrooptic light-modulation system

- e-mail system

- embedded system

- emergent system

- end system

- enhanced digital access communications system

- enhanced total access communication system

- enterprise system

- enterprise network management system

- entry-level system

- EOLM system

- equatorial satellite communication system

- equatorial-orbit satellite communication system

- equilibrium system

- equivalent four-wire system

- error-correcting reinforcement system

- error-correcting telegraph system

- error-detecting and feedback system

- European communications satellite system

- European fixed service satellite system

- European radio messaging system

- Eurovision system

- evolutionary stable system

- executive system

- executive information system

- expert system

- extended file system-2

- extra bass system

- extraterrestrial reconnaissance system

- Fabry-Perot mirror system

- facsimile system

- fail-safe system

- fail-soft system

- failure resistant disk system

- failure tolerant disk system

- FAT16 file system

- FAT32 file system

- fault resilient system

- FDM system

- FEC system

- federated system

- feed system

- feedback-control system

- feed-forward system

- fiber-optics system

- fiber optics transmission system

- field system

- field-sequential system

- field-sequential color television system

- field skip system

- file system

- file-control system

- file-oriented system

- film-based projection system

- financial expert system

- first generation wireless system

- fixed-point system

- fixer system

- flat file system

- flexible manufacturing system

- floating-point system

- forced-air cooling system

- forward error control system

- forward-loop system

- four-channel sound system

- four-level system

- fractal information system

- frame-alignment system

- freeway surveillance and control system

- frequency-carrier system

- frequency-division multiplex system

- frequency-hopping system

- frequency-reuse satellite system

- fuel-cell system

- full field system

- future public land mobile telephone system

- fuzzy system

- fuzzy control system

- fuzzy expert system

- fuzzy logic expert system

- 3Gwireless system

- gamma system

- gamma reinforcement system

- gate-array CAD system

- Gauss system

- generalized information system

- general-purpose display system

- geographical information system

- geolocation system

- Giorgi system

- global system

- global system for mobile communication

- global communication system

- global navigation satellite system

- global positioning system

- global telecommunication system

- global time-synchronization system

- graphical kernel system

- ground system

- ground-based scanning antenna system

- ground-control system

- ground-controlled approach system

- ground electrooptical deep-space surveillance system

- ground guidance system

- ground information processing system

- ground instrumentation system

- ground proximity warning system

- group decision support system

- group support system

- guidance system

- H-system

- h-system

- Hamiltonian system

- hard system

- hardware system

- Hartree system

- heat-seeking system

- helium refrigeration system

- heterogeneous agent system

- heuristic-based expert system

- hexagonal crystal system

- hierarchical database management system

- hierarchical file system

- hierarchical recognition system

- high-accuracy data transmission system

- high-density modem system

- high performance file system

- highway system

- HLS system

- holographic ice surveying system

- holographic recording and readout system

- home audio system

- homer system

- homing system

- horn-lens system

- host-based system

- HSB system

- HSV system

- hung system

- hybrid computer system

- hydrogen-air/lead battery hybrid system

- hyperbolic guidance system

- hyperbolic navigation system

- hyperbolic radar system

- hypertext authoring systems

- identification system

- image-forming system

- image information system

- image-processing system

- independent system

- inertial system

- inertial control system

- inertial instrument system

- inertial navigation system

- inertial space reference system

- infinite-dimensional system

- infinitely-fast control system

- information system

- information and control system

- information exchange system

- information-feedback system

- information management system

- information-retrieval system

- infrared heat-seeking system

- infrared search track system

- input/output control system

- inquiry and communications system

- installable file system

- instant program locating system

- instrument-landing system

- insulation system

- integrated antenna system

- intelligence system

- intelligent knowledge-base system

- interactive system

- interactive application system

- interactive design system

- interactive graphics system

- interactive pattern analysis and classification system

- interactive software system

- interactive voice system

- intercarrier sound system

- inter-city telecommunications system

- intercommunication system

- interconnection system

- interference position monitoring system

- intermediate system

- intermediate system to intermediate system

- intermittent control system

- internetwork operating system

- inter-organization system

- interphone system

- interplanetary radar system

- interpretating system

- interrupt system

- Intervision system

- intranet-extranet system

- intrusion detection system

- inverted spin system

- ionoscatter system

- isolated-word recognition system

- isometric crystal system

- isotropic system

- iterated function system

- iterative product-cipher system

- Japanese cellular system

- Java operation system

- J-carrier system

- job entry system

- joint surveillance system

- joint tactical information distribution system

- Ksystem

- K-carrier system

- keyboard-to-disk system

- keyboard-to-tape system

- knowledge system

- knowledge base system

- knowledge-based system

- knowledge-based decision support system

- knowledge-based management system

- Kolmogorov system

- Lsystem

- L*a*b* system

- laminar navigation anticollision system

- laminar air navigation anticollision system

- land mobile radio system

- laser communication system

- laser-deflection system

- laser inertial navigation system

- laser tracking system

- lasing system

- L-carrier system

- LCH system

- learning control system

- left-handed system

- left-handed coordinate system

- legacy system

- lenticular-screen projection system

- life support system

- lightning protective system

- lightwave system

- Lindenmayer system

- linear system

- linear-classifier system

- linear feedback control system

- line-of-sight system

- line-sequential system

- line-sequential color television system

- lithography system

- local area augmentation system

- local battery system

- logical input/output control system

- log-structured file system

- long base-line system

- longitudinal video recording system

- long-range-accuracy radio system

- long-range search system

- Lorenz instrumental landing system

- Lotka-Volterra system

- lossless system

- lossy system

- loudspeaker system

- low-altitude detection system

- lumped-parameter system

- LVR system

- Macintosh file system

- MADA system

- maglev system

- magnetic-levitation system

- mail abuse prevention system

- major-deflection electromagnetic system

- malfunction detection system

- management information system

- management intellectual system

- man-computer system

- man-machine system

- man-machine control system

- manned control system

- manufacturing execution system

- many-level system

- many-energy-level system

- many-particle system

- marketing information system

- maser communication system

- Massachusetts general hospital utility multiprogramming system

- mass-storage system

- master/slave computer system

- matrix sound system

- mature system

- mechanical display system

- mechanical television system

- medical expert system

- message-composition system

- message handling system

- message-rate system

- message-switched communication system

- meta class system

- meta-information system

- metallization system

- meteor-burst communication system

- meteor-scatter-system

- metric system

- microcomputer system

- microcomputer-development system

- microelectromechanical system

- microelectronic system

- microprocessor-based spatial-locating system

- microprocessor-controlled system

- microprocessor delay system

- microprocessor development system

- Microsoft disk operating system

- microwave-beam power-transfer system

- microwave-hologram recording system

- microwave landing system

- microwave relay system

- middle-side system

- military expert system

- military information system

- MIMO system

- minicomputer system

- MKS system

- MKS rationalized system

- mobile telephone system

- mode-converting system

- model-based expert system

- model reference adaptive system

- modular system

- modular breadboarding system

- monitor system

- monoclinic crystal system

- monopulse tracking system

- M-S stereo system

- multi-address asynchronous communication system

- multiagent computer system

- multichannel microwave distribution system

- multicomputer system

- multienergy-level system

- multiline digital voice-response system

- multimedia authoring systems

- multiple-access discrete-address system

- multiple-input multiple-output system

- multiple-processor system

- multiple user system

- multiplex system

- multiplexed information and computing system

- multiplicative array antenna system

- multipoint video distribution system

- multipole system

- multiprocessing system

- multiprocessor system

- multitarget sputtering system

- multitrack recording system

- multiuser system

- multivariable system

- Munsell system

- mutual broadcasting system

- national information processing system

- naval communications system

- navigation system

- near-eye system

- near instantaneous companding system

- nearest-neighbor classifier system

- negative reinforcement system

- neomorphic system

- NetWare management system

- network administration system

- network basic input/output system

- network computing system

- network control system

- network data base management system

- network file system

- network operating system

- neuro-fuzzy system

- new technology file system

- nodal switching system

- noise-reducing antenna system

- noise-reduction system

- non-attended system

- non-equilibrium system

- nonlinear system

- nonlinear feedback control system

- nonredundant system

- nonrepairable system

- nonstop system

- NT file system

- number system

- numeral system

- numerical control system

- object-oriented data base management system

- office information system

- off-line system

- OLCA system

- OLCD system

- omnidirectional speaker system

- on-demand system

- on-line system

- on-line circuit-analysis system

- on-line circuit-design system

- on-line computer system

- online fault-tolerant system

- on-line processing system

- on-off system

- on-off telegraph system

- open system

- open bus system

- open-loop system

- open-tube system

- operating system

- operation system

- operational support system

- operator services system

- optical communication system

- optical data-processing system

- optical detection and ranging system

- optical disk recording system

- optical-fiber transmission system

- optical-radar system

- optical recognition system

- optical tracking system

- optical TV communication system

- optimizing control system

- optoelectronic system

- organic system

- organizational decision support system

- orthorhombic crystal system

- p-system

- PA system

- packaged system

- packetized automatic routing integrated system

- packet-switched data transmission system

- pagemaster system

- pager-phone system

- paging system

- parallel-redundant system

- parallel software system

- parametric system

- partitioned-type memory-allocation system

- passive homing system

- passive tracking system

- pattern matching system

- pattern recognition system

- peak-holdings system

- peek-a-boo system

- peripheral-oriented microcomputer system

- personal call system

- personal computer system

- personal computer disk operating system

- personal data system

- personal handy-phone system

- personal locator system

- phased-array warning system

- phase-locked system

- phase-locked loop system

- Philips DNL system

- Philips dynamic noise-limiter system

- phonetic system

- phonocard system

- photoelectric-guidance system

- photographic projection system

- photomasking system

- photovoltaic power system

- picture coding system

- picture quality system

- pilot system

- plane parallel Fabry-Perot system

- plant automation communications system

- plasma-deposition system

- PLL system

- plug-in modular system

- portable life support system

- position control system

- positive reinforcement system

- power system

- predictive system

- predictive expert system

- priority system

- privacy system

- processing system

- production system

- production expert system

- production inventory control system

- program development system

- programmable system

- programmable airline reservation system

- projection cathode-ray tube system

- projection display system

- property management system

- pseudoquadraphony system

- pseudorandom coded system

- public-address system

- public-address reinforcement system

- public expert system

- public-key system

- public-key cryptographic system

- public telephone system

- pulsed Doppler system

- pulsed FM system

- pulse-modulation system

- QS matrix system

- quadraphonic sound system

- quadruple-diversity system

- quasi-linear feedback control system

- queuing system

- quick fax system

- RADA system

- radar augmentation system

- radar braking system

- radar cross-section instrumentation system

- radar guidance system

- radar identification system

- radar imaging system

- radio command system

- radiocommunication system

- radio data system

- radio-guidance system

- radio-inertial-guidance system

- radionavigation system

- radio-relay system

- radiosonde-radio-wind system

- random-access discrete-address system

- range rate tracking system

- range tracking system

- ranging system

- rapid-scan system

- rationalized system of equations

- readout system

- real-time system

- real-time data system

- real-time expert system

- real-time multi-platform UNIX operating system

- real-time operating system

- Rebecca-Eureka system

- receiver lockout system

- recognition system

- reconfigurable system

- recording system

- recursive system

- redundant system

- reel-to-reel tape transport system

- regulating system

- reinforcement system

- relational data base management system

- relay system

- reliability index system

- remote system

- remote concentrating system

- remote file system

- remote semiconcentrating system

- remote sensing system

- reorder point system

- reorder time system

- repairable system

- reproducing system

- rerecording system

- response-controlled reinforcement system

- restorable system

- restricted connected-speech recognition system

- retrieval system

- RF sputtering system

- RGB system

- rhombohedral crystal system

- rho-theta system

- right-handed system

- right-handed coordinate system

- robot system

- robotics system

- rod memory system

- rotating coordinate system

- rule-based expert system

- run-time system

- sampled-data system

- sampling system

- satellite business system

- satellite communications system

- satellite data transmission system

- satellite multiple-access communication system

- satellite radio system

- satellite-switched multiple-access system

- scanning-projection system

- schlieren system

- scientific expert system

- Scophony television system

- searchless identification system

- second generation wireless system

- secrecy system

- secret-key cryptographic system

- self-adaptive system

- self-adjusting system

- self-contained system

- self-guidance system

- self-organizing system

- self-organizing control system

- self-organizing multiple-access discrete-address system

- self-oscillatory system

- self-structuring system

- self-test system

- self-testing system

- selsyn system

- semiactive-homing system

- semiautomatic telephone system

- sequential software system

- serial copy management system

- serial copying management system

- service provisioning system

- servo system

- ship's inertial marine navigational system

- ship's self-contained navigation system

- short-range air navigation system

- short-range Doppler system

- SI system

- signaling system

- simultaneous system

- simultaneous TV system

- single-degree-of-freedom system

- single-input single-output system

- single-sideband system

- single-track magnetic system

- singular equation system

- SISO system

- SOC system

- socio-technical system

- soft system

- soft eject system

- software system

- solar system

- sound-recording system

- sound-reinforcement system

- sound-reproducing system

- space-communication system

- space detection and tracking system

- space-variant pattern-recognition system

- speaker system

- speaker-adaptive system

- speaker-dependent system

- speaker-independent system

- speaker-recognition system

- speaker verification system

- speech-enhancement system

- speech input/output system

- speech processing system

- speech-recognition system

- speech understanding system

- spin system

- spinodal system

- split-screen system

- split-speaker system

- spread-spectrum system

- SQ matrix system

- stand-alone system

- stand-alone expert system

- stand-alone graphics system

- standard electronics assembly system

- standby power system

- standing-wave system

- stand-off target acquisition system

- star system

- start-stop system

- static system

- static ripple imaging system

- stationary-wave system

- step-and-repeat system

- step-by-step system

- stereo microphone system

- stereo sound system

- sticks layout system

- stimulus-controlled reinforcement system

- stochastic system

- storage and retrieval system

- stored-program electronic-switching system

- strapping system

- Strowger system

- structured cabling system

- structured design system

- structured software system

- structured wiring system

- submarine-cable system

- subscriber carrier system

- super anti-modulation tape system

- superconductor energy-storage system

- super video home system

- supervisory control system

- switched access system

- symbol system

- symbolic system

- symbolic interactive design system

- symmetric cryptographic system

- synchro system

- synchronous data link control system

- tactical air navigation system

- tactical communication system

- talking Rebecca-Eureka system

- tape auto-stop system

- tape operating system

- tape-transport system

- TDM system

- telecine system

- telecommunication system

- telemetering system

- telemetry system

- telemetry data processing system

- telemetry information system

- telephone system

- telephone-answering system

- telephone intercommunication system

- telephone video system

- teleprocessing system

- Teleran system

- teletypewriter switching system

- television identification system

- television relay system

- tetragonal crystal system

- text system

- thermal imaging system

- third generation wireless system

- three-phase four-wire system

- three-way speaker system

- time-division multiplex system

- time-frequency collision avoidance system

- time-invariant system

- time reference system

- time-sharing system

- time-varying system

- total access communication system

- touch system

- tracking system

- traffic-alert and collision avoidance system

- traffic control and surveillance system

- traffic control signal system

- trainable system

- trajectory-measuring system

- transaction processing system

- transcontinental communication system

- transform adaptable-processing system

- transmission system

- transmitter-receiver system

- transputer system

- triclinic crystal system

- trigger-starting system

- trigonal crystal system

- triple interlace system

- triplex system

- troposcatter system

- tropospheric radio system

- trunk -system

- tse system

- turntable drive system

- turnkey system

- two-channel sound system

- two-coordinate scanning system

- two-field interlace system

- two-phase five-wire system

- two-phase four-wire system

- two-phase three-wire system

- two-turntable quick-start system

- two-way system

- type system

- UCSD p-system

- unattended system

- underdetermined system

- underwater viewing system

- ungrounded system

- uniplexed information and computing system

- uniprocessor system

- universal battery system

- universal mobile telecommunication system

- universal serial bus system

- unmanned system

- unrestorable system

- USB system

- value system

- variable-structure system

- V-beam system

- vehicle control system

- vehicular disk reproduction system

- very early warning system

- vibrating system

- video cassette recording system

- video editing system

- video-encoding system

- videofile television record storage system

- video home system

- Videotex system

- virtual key cryptographic system

- virtual memory system

- vision system

- visual communication system

- voice/data system

- voice-frequency telegraph system

- voice operating system

- voice recognition system

- voice-response system

- wafer imaging system

- waiting system

- wave-propagating system

- Web network file system

- wide area augmentation system

- wired broadcasting system

- Wollaston-prism digital light-deflector system

- word processing system

- word recognition system

- word-serial system

- writing system

- X-window system

- x-y-z coordinate system

- system Y-

- y-system

- YIQ system

- YUV system

- Δ-system

English-Russian electronics dictionary > system

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accounting — /euh kown ting/, n. 1. the theory and system of setting up, maintaining, and auditing the books of a firm; art of analyzing the financial position and operating results of a business house from a study of its sales, purchases, overhead, etc.… … Universalium
value — The importance placed on something by an individual. Value is subjective and may change according to the circumstances. Something that may be valued highly at one time may be valued less at another time. The CENTER ONLINE Futures Glossary * * * ▪ … Financial and business terms
Value added — refers to the additional value of a commodity over the cost of commodities used to produce it from the previous stage of production. An example is the price of gasoline at the pump over the price of the oil in it. In national accounts used in… … Wikipedia
accounting — ac‧coun‧ting [əˈkaʊntɪŋ] noun [uncountable] 1. ACCOUNTING JOBS the usual word for the profession of accountancy in the US 2. ACCOUNTING the work of keeping a company s financial records, recording its income and expenses, and its business deals:… … Financial and business terms
Value Measuring Methodology — (or VMM) is a tool that helps planners balance both tangible and intangible values when making investment decisions, and monitor benefits.Formal methods to calculate the Return on Investment (or ROI) have been widely understood and used for a… … Wikipedia
Accounting scandals — Accounting scandals, or corporate accounting scandals, are political and business scandals which arise with the disclosure of misdeeds by trusted executives of large public corporations. Such misdeeds typically involve complex methods for… … Wikipedia
Accounting reform — is an expansion to accounting rules that goes beyond the realm of financial measures for both individual economic entities and national economies. It is advocated by those who consider the focus of the present standards and practices wholly… … Wikipedia
Value theory — encompasses a range of approaches to understanding how, why and to what degree people should value things; whether the thing is a person, idea, object, or anything else. This investigation began in ancient philosophy, where it is called axiology… … Wikipedia
Accounting scholarship — is an academic discipline oriented towards the profession of accounting, usually taught at a business school. Since accounting is a highly technical, standards oriented profession, both practitioners and academics may claim to be experts.… … Wikipedia
Accounting liquidity — (liquidity) is a measure of the ability of a debtor to pay their debts as and when they fall due. It is usually expressed as a ratio or a percentage of current liabilities.Calculating liquidityFor a corporation with a published balance sheet… … Wikipedia
Value added tax — Taxation An aspect of fiscal policy … Wikipedia

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value-based accounting

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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value-based accounting

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